b. overgeneralization. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: a. intellectualization. b. helping the client develop a stronger sense of self and rational thinking. Additionally, you might have wondered if the person or animal will try to make the response again in the future even though it stopped being reinforced in the past. Soon, the patient begins seeking the therapist's approval for all types of decisions, rather than just making the decisions herself. Social Sciences; Psychology; Psychology questions and answers; which statement about catergorical vs dimensions models of abnormal behavior is true?A categorial models capture the complexity of mental disorders btter than dimensional modelsB Dimensional models better reflect nature/ reality of disorders than categorial onesC Catergorial models capture the severitu of mental disorders while . Rita is seeing a gestalt therapist because she has anxiety about confronting her sister regarding painful interactions from their childhood. 107. Racial, ethnic, and cultural factors are also relevant to understanding the development and course of mental illness. A person has a recurring dream of losing her dog. a. d. flight of ideas. d. disengagement. Fourth, it is difficult to empirically study psychodynamic principles since most operate unconsciously. There are two forms: classical conditioning, or linking together two types of stimuli, and operant conditioning, or linking together a response with its consequence. Second, transference is the process through which patients transfer attitudes he/she held during childhood to the therapist. Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and drug use during pregnancy are risk factors for ADHD. There are two main ways they can present themselves. Personality develops over five distinct stages in which the libido focuses on different parts of the body. The type of reinforcer or punisher we use is crucial. The paradigm, or model, adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the _____ model. d. Bandura. Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people: a. without any religious belief are the healthiest. In Panel B, we see that a neutral stimulus (NS) produces no response. Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to: a. genetic make-up. A patient has social anxiety disorder. The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted. b. a biological predisposition is the primary factor leading to abnormality. Breuers wife, Mathilde, became jealous of her husbands relationship with the young girl, leading Breuer to terminate treatment in June of 1882 before Anna had fully recovered. Shonda responds by changing the subject. The neural impulse proceeds across the following steps: Lets look at the electrical portion of the process in another way and add some detail. Environmental factors also play a role in the development of mental illness. b. unconditional self-regard. c. the conscious mind. c. There is a decreasing need for couple therapy based on current divorce rates. How does the humanistic perspective approach psychopathology? Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role-playing and a here and now orientation, are _____ therapists. She published many short stories; a play called Womens Rights, in which she criticized the economic and sexual exploitation of women; and wrote a book in 1900 called The Jewish Problem in Galicia, in which she blamed the poverty of the Jews of Eastern Europe on their lack of education. as part of their daily life and this can lead to disordered behavior (Lo & Cheng, 2014; Jones, Cross, & DeFour, 2007; Satcher, 2001), though some research suggests that ethnic identity can buffer against these stressors and protect mental health (Mossakowski, 2003). Explain the need for a multi-dimensional model of abnormality. With its emphasis on abstract human values and responsibility, the humanistic-existential model does all of the following EXCEPT: If a client-centered therapist were treating a very anxious woman, the therapist would try to: show unconditional positive regard for the client's statements. Multidimensional Approaches to Understanding Mental Illness | Abnormal How is the anatomy of the brain important to a discussion of psychopathology? Any reference to cognitive processes was dismissed as this was not overt, but covert according to Watson and later Skinner. They all attempt to explain the causes and treatments for all psychological illnesses, and all from a different approach. 39. Banduras Classic Experiment. b. change behaviors that are damaging to the relationship. Other examples will be discussed throughout this book. a. Neurotransmitters are released. In terms of psychological perspectives, Freuds psychodynamic theory; the learning-related research of Watson, Skinner, and Bandura and Rotter; the cognitive model; and the humanistic and existential perspectives were discussed. c. poverty is a stressor that contributes to dysfunction. In her dream, she panics and looks for her dog everywhere. d. existential. Which statement is NOT an appropriate criticism of the sociocultural model? b. On later trials, the rat was presented (NS) and followed closely by a loud sound (UCS; Panel B). 20. b. cultural deprivation that is characteristic of some groups. This thought is an example of: a. depression. Divorce or the death of a spouse can lead to anxiety disorders. a. gestalt Why is this important to a discussion of psychopathology? Her therapy is MOST likely: a. gestalt therapy. 95. Evaluate the usefulness of the behavioral model. The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the _____ model. d. displacement. The next morning, researchers placed a hungry cat in the puzzle box and set a small amount of food outside the box, just close enough to be smelled. Each is unique in its own right and no single model can account for all aspects of abnormality. 152. c. psychodynamic. a. humanistic-existential b. biological c. psychodynamic d. sociocultural, 5. The humanistic perspective focuses on positive regard, conditions of worth, and the fully functioning person while the existential perspective stresses the need for people to re-create themselves continually and be self-aware, acknowledges that anxiety is a normal part of life, focuses on free will and self-determination, emphasizes that each person has a unique identity known only through relationships and the search for meaning, and finally, that we develop to our maximum potential. Supporters of the medical model consequently consider symptoms to be outward signs of the inner physical disorder and believe that if symptoms are grouped together and classified into . How do socioeconomic, gender, environmental, and multicultural factors affect mental illness and its treatment? Chapter 3 Flashcards by Burton Dwight | Brainscape a. Which model emphasizes the importance of conditioning in determining human actions? a. humanistic Anne has distant parents, failing grades, and insufficient funds for basic necessities and also develops depression. To do this, the client must be aware of the distressing thoughts, when they occur, and their effect on them. Why might this treatment be effective in preventing alcohol use even after the client stops taking the drug? c. neurotransmitters. These included risk versions of two genes that regulate the flow of calcium into cells. Likewise, twin and family studies have shown that people with first-degree relatives suffering from OCD are at higher risk to develop the disorder themselves. b. ego. This information is passed to the nervous system due to the process of transduction and through sensory or afferent neurons, which are part of the peripheral nervous system. d. Freud. Differentiate uni- and multi-dimensional models of abnormality. Like schemas, the attributions we make can lead us astray. 54. b. insight. c. ego. Its key figures were Abraham Maslow, who proposed the hierarchy of needs, and Carl Rogers, who we will focus on here. a. disengaged b. neglectful c. enmeshed d. belittling. Contingencies in Operant Conditioning. b. control biological factors by focusing on behavior. Subjecting a person to a situation that causes the individual anxiety as a means of eliminating future anxiety is called: When I was a child, I loved to go swimming in a lake near my house. a. It might be that the disorder causes dysfunction in the family, rather than the dysfunctional family causing the disorder. d. indicator of psychological conflict. The superego is partly conscious but mostly unconscious, and part of it becomes our conscience. She felt confined and suffocated in this life and took to a fantasy world she called her private theater. Anna also developed hysteria, including symptoms such as memory loss, paralysis, disturbed eye movements, reduced speech, nausea, and mental deterioration. In the classroom, we might use modeling to demonstrate to a student how to do a math problem. According to psychoanalytic theory, which statement is TRUE about dreams? Source: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index.shtml. If you believe focusing on a problem generates a solution, then write down each time you ruminate and the result. Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people: who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest. All forget that there is no individual model that completely explains human behavior, or in this case, abnormal behavior, and so each model contributes in its own way. became involved in the German Feminist movement, and in 1904 founded the League of Jewish Women. The critical thing to understand here is that there is a belief in the realm of mental health that chemical imbalances are responsible for many mental disorders. We may think so, but a review of the evidence for and against this statement will show that it does not and reduce how threatening it seems. As these cells die, the brain fails to receive messages about when and how to move. a. catharsis. Which abnormality model best lends itself to laboratory testing in terms of evaluating its efficacy? Second, observational learning occurs when we learn by observing the world around us. A therapist identifies a biological factor in a patient with depression. The paradigm, or model, adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the _____ model. Over time, the temper tantrums become more and more common. A) cognitive-behavioral B) sociocultural C) psychodynamic D) humanistic-existential B? 57. b. drugs cannot be combined with other forms of treatment. If it receives sufficient stimulation, causing the polarity inside the neuron to rise from -70 mV to -55mV (. Negative means that something is being taken away good or bad. In terms of operant conditioning, strategies include antecedent manipulations, prompts, punishment procedures, differential reinforcement, habit reversal, shaping, and programming. b. map, or sequence, genes. Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? Which statement would a family systems theorist MOST likely agree with? Which is an example of a biological treatment for this condition? Flooding and desensitization are typical respondent conditioning procedures used with phobias, and modeling arises from social learning theory and observational learning. This form of learning is called: a. shaping. This is called: a. fixation. c. ineffective treatment options. They were more likely to have suspect genetic variation at the same four chromosomal sites. Still, the sociocultural model suffers from unclear findings and not allowing for the establishment of causal relationships, reliance on more qualitative data gathered from case studies and ethnographic analyses (one such example is Zafra, 2016), and an inability to make predictions about abnormal behavior for individuals. A cognitive-behavioral therapist would MOST likely recommend: What we would call conscience is MOST like what Freud would call the: a. defense mechanism. c. unconditional positive regard. 162. 2.3.4.2. The greatest strength or appeal of the behavioral model is that its tenets are easily tested in the laboratory, unlike those of the psychodynamic model. 66. They are tied to experiences early in life. Regarding the finding that there are more seriously disturbed people within poor subpopulations, a multicultural theorist would focus on the way in which: a. personal responsibility is related to dysfunction. a. long-term memory b. numerical and spatial reasoning c. autonomic nervous system functioning d. feelings of social connectedness among teens, 105. Cognitive-behavioral approaches used to treat social anxiety disorder aim to: a. increase positive self-talk and decrease risk taking. The rabbit was far enough away so as not to cause distress. Nikolai runs past, grabs some of the cookies, and runs away. 2. If my father seems genuinely happy and pleased with himself after bagging groceries his way, then I will be more likely to adopt this behavior. Which type of theorist would focus on the athletes illogical thinking process as a key factor in her subsequent poor performance? You might say neurotransmitters are part of a lock-and-key system. b. b. family therapy. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1906, 1927, 1928), a Russian physiologist, was interested in studying digestive processes in dogs in response to being fed meat powder. Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to: Which group BEST reflects those who may benefit from couple therapy? Which of the following is NOT an example of diathesis in the diathesis-stress explanation of. Important here is that specific culture- and gender-related diagnostic issues are discussed for each disorder, demonstrating increased awareness of the impact of these factors. c. drugs are not very effective in the treatment of abnormal behavior. In Module 2, we will discuss three models of abnormal behavior to include the biological, psychological, and sociocultural models. It provides the strength to fight back or to flee (fight-or-flight instinct). c. take responsibility for harmful behavioral patterns. b. transference. a. multicultural b. biological c. humanistic d. cognitive-behavioral, 136. PDF Psychological Disorders Describe observational learning and modeling. Which statement about couple therapy is MOST accurate? Both the id and the ego: a. unconsciously seek gratification. c. how prejudice and discrimination impact women. d. genes. Existential therapy is used to treat substance abuse, excessive anxiety, apathy, alienation, nihilism, avoidance, shame, addiction, despair, depression, guilt, anger, rage, resentment, embitterment, purposelessness, psychosis, and violence. 81. What about other students in the class that you know? PSY 381 Chapter 2 Flashcards | Quizlet d. humanists. A biological theorist studies a psychological disorder through the interconnectivity of an entire network of brain structures. a. psychodynamic b. cognitive-behavioral c. humanistic-existential d. biological. 2.3.4.1. Finally, the sociocultural model indicated the role of socioeconomic, gender, environmental, and multicultural factors on abnormal behavior. According to family systems theory, this family is characterized by: Which statement would a family systems theorist MOST likely agree with? In science, the perspectives used to explain events are known as: Evaluate the usefulness of psychodynamic theory. b. who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest. When a child yells and threatens others, he or she is placed in a time-out, away from the group. c. axons. Right? c. There is limited research supporting biological causes of mental illness. Once the electrical impulse has passed from one segment of the axon to the next, the neuron begins the process of resetting called repolarization. 131. Likewise, if our action leads to dissatisfaction, then we will not repeat the same behavior in the future. b. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). She could see the answers of the person next to her and briefly considered copying his answers. Some biological treatments produce significant undesirable effects. Exemplify the effect of schemas on creating abnormal behavior. b. See Figure 2.1 below. c. existential. If a mother seems excessively involved in her childs life such that the two do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be: a. externalized. Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role-playing and a "here and now" orientation, are _____ therapists. Elevated levels of this hormone can lead to several problems, including increased weight gain, interference with learning and memory, reduced bone density, high cholesterol, and an increased risk of depression. What treatments are available to clinicians courtesy of the biological model of psychopathology? Eventually the fact that no food comes will extinguish this reaction but still, it will be weird for a bit). But women may experience these illnesses differently certain symptoms may be more common in women than in men, and the course of the illness can be affected by the sex of the individual. If a client-centered therapist were treating a very anxious woman, the therapist would try to: a. point out the clients misconceptions. Theory focused on the behaviors people exhibit and the thoughts they have is usually described as: a. biological. None of the models are complete within themselves. Nikolai runs past, grabs some of the cookies, and runs away. c. result of childhood trauma. Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? They include Lisdexamfetamine, the combination of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine, and Methylphenidate. c. client-centered A) The humanistic-existential model B) The family-social perspective C) The cognitive model D) The psychodynamic model B The model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values and choices in behavior is the _____ model. 2.3.4.3. The answer is yes, and one of two outcomes is possible. According to Freud, another term for the symbolic meaning of dreams is: a. positive transference. See Figure 2.5 for an overview of Pavlovs classic experiment. If this is true, how can we know anything about controversial matters? 166. b. learned behavior. c. humanistic-existential b. a severe mental illness and who is not a candidate for brain stimulation therapy. Outline the structure of personality and how it develops over time. 2.3.2.5. b. self theory. This form of behavior therapy is widely used in clinical, business, and classroom situations. The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. What is important to mental health professionals is some disorders involve specific areas of the brain. Watson and Skinner defined behavior as what we do or say, but later behaviorists added what we think or feel. d. self-aware. A primary focus of the community mental health treatment approach to abnormality is: Understanding a person's unconscious processes is critical in explaining abnormality. a. id b. superego c. self d. ego, 38. Greshka spilled iced coffee on her shirt while sitting in the park. He developed the law of effect thanks to his work with a puzzle box. For more on the link between cortisol and depression, check out this article: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-athletes-way/201301/cortisol-why-the-stress-hormone-is-public-enemy-no-1. c. operant conditioning. The most common types of antidepressants are SSRIs or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and include Citalopram, Paroxetine, and Fluoxetine (Prozac). It is the most commonly used biological treatment for mental disorders. There are also certain types of disorders that are unique to women. Really, the sky is the limit with reinforcers in particular. b. exposure therapy. According to family systems theory, this family is characterized by: a. enmeshed structure. c. humanistic-existential c. superego. A therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities and therefore often feel alienated, depressed, and inauthentic would MOST likely be described as: a. humanistic. So, if you were afraid of clowns, you would be thrown into a room full of clowns. This approach came to be called client-centered therapy. I'm going to mess up and then it won't be a perfect run!" Add them up and see if making some minor, or major, adjustments to your schedule will free an hour to get in some valuable exercise. d. object relations. Biological psychologists or neuropsychologists treat the underlying problems in the. c. abnormality arises from an interaction between predisposition and stress. Exemplify the effect of attributions on creating abnormal behavior. 2.2.1.3. If we are angry at someone, we may engage in physical or relational aggression to alleviate this stimulation. The humanistic perspective. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord; the former we will discuss briefly and in terms of key structures which include: Of course, this is not an exhaustive list of structures found in the brain but gives you a pretty good idea of function and which structure is responsible for it. So the dog now reliably salivates at the sound of the bell because he expects that food will follow, and it does. She ultimately decided not to copy, knowing that doing so was wrong. 74. Western society was in turmoil in the 1960s and 1970s, which led to the rise of humanistic and existential therapies. Racial and ethnic minorities must contend with prejudice, discrimination, racism, economic hardships, etc. Freuds psychodynamic theory made a lasting impact on the field of psychology but also has been criticized heavily.
Apr 21
which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?