examples of socialization in school

Brint (1998) identifies three major dimensions of socialization as it pertains to schooling, which are illustrated in Figure 6.1. Alberta Education explains that this. Prior to attending school, childrens main source of socialization comes from their families. School helps your child learn skills to relate to different personality types. As noted earlier, at the core of these zones are school rules, to which we now turn. There is also the risk that she may develop a reputation. An inherent message in these codes of dress is that girls covering up keeps male students focused and protects girls personal safety. Such factors include parental influence, lack of role models, and the lowered expectations of teachers. Describe how peer victimization, peer rejection, and relational aggression impact on the socialization experiences of students. If activities and behaviours are gendered by teachers, this can have an impact on how children see appropriate female and male roles. Secondary socialization refers to the social learning that children undergo when they enter other social institutions, like school. Smaller groups of friends exist within the school setting, and these peer groups often have names that suggest the lifestyle characteristics of the members (Sussman et al. Studies have found that classrooms in the lower tracks have a variety of less desirable characteristics that undoubtedly impact on the learning of students such as less experienced teachers, less challenging coursework, and teachers with lower expectations of students (Katz 1999). As discussed in Chapter 2, Millington, Vertinsky, Boyle, and Wilson (2008) studied physical education curriculum in a Vancouver high school. What reasons have parents given for home schooling their children? In addition to teaching student subject matter, teachers are often regarded as being responsible for managing the emotional lives of their students (Jennings and Greenberg 2009). Teachers are more than just a new person from whom the child must take direction; they influence the socialization of children in several ways. In addition to features of the school and teacher characteristics, a major part of socialization at school involves students interaction with their peer group. The second part discusses gender socialization with a close look and discussion on feminist theory. How a teacher approaches the issue of gender can have a lasting impact on how children understand the perceived socially acceptable roles for males and females. Canadian researchers have found that verbal abuse by teachers in early childhood can have impacts on children not only during childhood and adolescence, but also into adulthood. The outer ring consists of implicit moral instruction, where students are provided with moral exemplars in more sophisticated ways, such as through the curriculum of history and literature. Peer victimization and rejection have been found to be associated with psychological distress that carries over into adulthood (Ambert 1994; Bagwell, Newcomb, and Bukowski 1998; Roff 1990; Roth, Coles, and Heimberg 2002). Such factors may include the ability of the student to control his or her own behaviour (Daniel and Bondy 2008). Academics as a group mostly consisted of brains who did well in their studies and extracurricular activities that were academically oriented. 9. The staff keep track of who is earning the bears, and perhaps more importantly, who is not. These students did not have a strong peer group identity with one of the established school peer groups and were at the periphery of the school social scene. At-risk children who display early aggression and signs of early offending can have these risks reduced if the school environment is a supportive one. Opponents to uniforms argue that they impinge on students self-expression, create a disciplinarian environment, and do little to equalize social class differences among students. The argument that because school teachers are almost exclusively female, schools are a place where male interests are not cultivated. Socialization: Social institutions provide the structure within which individuals learn the norms and values of society. As noted earlier in this chapter, students with social and emotional disabilities are more likely to be punished under school disciplinary codes of conduct. While gender roles are learned in primary socialization in the family, they can become further enforced or challenged in the school environment (Leaper and Friedman 2007). Want to create or adapt books like this? Children that act in an aggressive or disruptive manner account for about one-third of children rejected by their peers (Crick and Dodge 1996). As Krahn and Taylor (2007) argue, students from disadvantaged backgrounds may have the ability to succeed in advanced academic courses, but an assortment of other factors may be reducing their likelihood of taking these courses. However, there is some evidence that home schooled children are acquiring the rules of behavior and systems of beliefs and attitudes they need. This curriculum is intended as preparation for calculus at the university level.. In April 2010, it was announced that the teachers would no longer be employed at the high school. Young people are more likely to agree with rules that they accept as offering them protection. In order to address the boy problem, the Ontario Ministry of Education has created guides for improving boys literacy.8 Booklets called Me Read? One reaction has been an outcry that educational standards are failing boys. 3. These goals (e.g., learning to share, participating in lessons, working in groups), when embraced, also serve to integrate the child into social groups at school. Schools which have vague and inconsistently enforced rules and ambiguous responses to rule-breaking, teachers and administration who do not agree on rules, and students who do not believe that the rules are legitimate are typically associated with higher discipline problems and have a poor school climate (Welsh et al. Theories in the Sociology of Education, 3. You can help your child work on Social control: Social institutions help to maintain stability and order within society. Clubs, Fraternities, and Sororities. Language arts and science, as mentioned above, are also often divided into applied and academic trajectories. The skills that allow an individual to function within society; in the school setting, it is achieved when students embrace and achieve socially sanctioned goals. Moral education and character education are even found in some provinces curricula (Box 6.1). Students usually have little or no say in how these rules are developed and are therefore on unequal social footing in the sense that the rules are presented to them to be followed as a condition of their participation in education. Abuse of students by teachers is a rare occurrence, but when it does happen there are children who are at a greater risk of being victimized.10 In terms of victims of verbal abuse by teachers, these children are more likely to be boys and to display at risk characteristics early on (i.e., from kindergarten), such as antisocial behaviours, and have attention problems (particularly boys). Feb 23 2011 at 2:33pm. What are Brints three zones of socialization? Social approval is obtained when children accept the sanctioned goals of the school setting and they are rewarded and reinforced on a consistent basis through social acceptance by teachers and other students (Wentzel and Looney 2006). The topics that children learn about and how they are presented are just one way that school acts as a socializing agent. Check provincial ministry of education websites for curriculum requirements and identify the differences between streams. Examine how official documents discuss the objectives of the different groups of courses. In general, students who plan to attend a post-secondary institution, regardless of their specific career aspirations, need to familiarize themselves with the entry requirements of the institution and program the plan to enter. Students who have good relationships with their teacher are also likely to have better mental health, feel more connected to their school, and experience positive academic outcomes (Jennings and Greenberg 2009). Gender Socialization. One resigned and the other did not have his contract renewed.2. WebLets examine some of the major theories of socialization, which are summarized in Table 4.1 Theory Snapshot. What were the characteristics of unpopular students. For example, in 2007 British Columbia passed a law require all schools to have codes of conduct and a zero tolerance policy toward bullying. Explicit moral instruction occurs in the elementary grades, when children are socialized to aspire to virtues such as kindness, generosity, courage, and hard work. Public schools tend to focus more on the testing side of the education because that is where they obtain their funding and a child might be offered a chance to be introduced to diversity, whereas private school has more time and the means to explore socialization in many other forms like field trips and such. Such school environments have been found to breed delinquent behaviour and academic failure. The school, like Won Ska, has a high retention rate. Because reading is highly associated with overall academic achievement and later-life occupational attainment, this is a problem that has tremendous sociological implications. It is not surprising that some teachers interactions with disruptive students can be hostile and critical. These labels are not easily shed and can have spillover effects into other areas of social interaction, such as peer relations and future teacher expectations (Jones 1972). Zero tolerance policies refer to specific code infractions that result in immediate punishment, usually in the form of suspension or expulsion, and sometimes involving the police. The socialization of students through the use of school rules, including dress codes and uniforms, was also addressed. Internationally, girls have also been achieving higher standardized reading scores than males since the 1990s (see Box 6.5 for discussion). School board rules also prohibit vandalism, aggression, and racist, homophobic, sexual, and gender-biased speech. In school, the peer group is typically a childs classmates in younger years and then becomes more specific to particular adolescent subgroups in the teenage years. incorrect; in the context of education, the expectations that teachers have about their students influence how they behaved toward them, which in turn, influences students motivation and performance. Typically, socialization is thought of as something that happens to young people, but socialization occurs throughout ones lifetime. WebExamples of Socialization 1. Other research findings reveal that this is more than a perception and that abject racism has been detected in schools use of disciplinary procedures (Ferguson, Tilleczek, Boydell, and Rummens 2005). In what major ways is the organization of the family different from the organization of the school? the expected responsibilities, rights, and behaviours of teachers, school staff, and parents (in addition to students) and are worded in a manner that emphasizes co-operation and tolerance rather than solely focusing on punishments for rule infractions; recourses for students who wish to appeal rules (Lewis 1999; Raby 2008; Schimmel 2003). In this instruction, children are taught desirable and undesirable virtues. 7. The previous chapter discussed curriculum and how the content of schooling is closely associated with the social construction of what various groups (teachers, school administrators, parents) think children should be taught. Religion. Research in Canada suggests that non-White students perceive that school rules are unequally enforced (MacDonell and Martin 1986; Ruck and Wortley 2002). Secondary socialization happens throughout our lives, as we interact with The delinquent behaviours are thought to merge a complex interaction of individual personal characteristics with properties of their environment and situations. Wotherspoon and Schissel (2001) give an account of an alternative education program in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan called the Won Ska Cultural School. As noted in an official Alberta Education document: Whether they are conscious of it or not, schools are involved in teaching cultural and societal mores and values and in shaping students ideas about what constitutes good behaviour (Alberta Education 2005:1). Single-sex schools have also been suggested as a solution to the boy problem. Greig (2003) argues that proponents of such arguments are engaged in a discussion that assumes that boys are in need of gender repair (Lingard and Douglas 1999). Schools become a significant social world for children to navigate. As well, previous research has shown that, like bully victims, rejected children report being lonely (Asher, Hymel, and Renshaw 1984) and are more likely to be depressed (Vosk, Forehand, Parker, and Rickard 1982) than integrated peers. How did you perceive other groups? Raby (2005) suggests that students in such environments are not learning how to be active participatory citizens in a democracy, but instead learning how to cope with rules that have been imposed upon them. The core also consists of embedded practices, which are manners of behaving that are not explicit rules but routine practices within schools that appear to be very natural and taken for granted. What solutions are being offered? As well, in such discussions, the impact that this would have on female students is rarely considered (Greig 2003). Victims also tend to experience irritability (Sharp 1995), anxiety (Olweus 1978; Salmon and James 1998; Sharp 1995; Slee 1994), and anger and self-pity (Borg 1998). The inner ring is characterized by explicit moral instruction. In school, we also learn social skills through our interactions with teachers, staff, and other students. The term streaming(also known as tracking) refers to the series of courses a student should take that best matches his or her abilities and aptitudes. Specifically, Sprott (2004) found that emotional support in the classroom when children were between 10 and 13 years of age reduced violent behaviour in children two years later. Skelton (2001) has noted, however, that the predominance of female teachers is not a new thing but has been the status quo since the nineteenth century. Use Google to find home schooling advocacy groups in Canada. The social phenomenon of mass attention being given to topics that appear to threaten the established social order; the underachievement of boys is an example. If they do not go to school, how do they learn many of the basic skills that are engrained in the early years of the school experience? Proponents of streaming argue that putting students in classes with others who have similar abilities creates a better learning environment. Like the deviants (below) they had a higher likelihood of alcohol use and sexual behaviour. Major agents of socialization include the family and school, but also the media, peer groups, and other major social institutions such as religion and the legal system. Plastic water bottles are banned from sale in schools in Ontario, for example, but there are no cases of students being excluded from activities for having them. In Alberta, applied English language arts are designated the course abbreviation of ELA 10-2 (Grade 10), 20-2 (Grade 11), and 30-2 (Grade 12). 2010). During the process of cultural conformity, children learn about accepted perspectives and styles of expression. Meanness, on the one hand, is a trait that is spurned by girls, yet, on the other hand, is associated with popularity (Currie and Kelly 2006). Schools socialize children by teaching them their formal curricula but also a hidden curriculum that imparts the cultural values of the society in which the schools are found. One of these values is the need to respect authority, as evidenced by these children standing in line. Schools are directly responsible for making people worthwhile in their respective societies. Children who are accepted by their peers tend to have a more safe school environment, while those who have been rejected by their peers are at a greater risk of targeted harassment and bullying (Wentzel and Looney 2006). When a student enters high school, the courses that he or she takes greatly influence the post-secondary options available to him or her upon graduation. His teacher 2007; Sokal 2010) or other English-speaking nations (see Allan 1993; Butler and Christensen 2003; Carrington and Skelton 2003; Carrington, Tymms, and Merrell 2008; Martin 2003). Lamb, Bigler, Riben, and Green (2009) have also found that if teachers teach children to confront and challenge sexist stereotypes, the results can decrease gender stereotyping behaviour, particularly in girls. Children gain an impression of how people perceive them as the Sokal (2010) found no evidence that computer-assisted literacy programs had any influence on Canadian males from low socioeconomic backgrounds who struggled with reading. Their inability to behave in ways that are socially acceptable can have many causes, such as parenting styles and disciplinary techniques in the home (Putallaz and Heflin 1990). School settings often place children in heterogeneous classes with large groups of children of the same age, where they participate in very specific school-oriented activities and events. The influence of social capital, however, does not always work in a manner than enhances academic achievement and prosocial behaviours. 2004). Students academic abilities are identified early in their academic career through the grades they receive. Students who are less academically inclined are put into classes that better match their abilities and interests, like vocational training. Standardized tests (discussed in Chapter 5) often exert considerable influence in allocating children into specific streams. The first part addresses the essential implication of race theory in adult education. This may severely limit their future ability of getting admitted to post-secondary training that leads to higher paying jobs with high status (Krahn and Taylor 2001). The others category was a catchall for various other peer groups, such as nerds, band club, normals, loners, and the unpopular. There is a certain body of knowledge that it is assumed children must know in order to be productive citizens and function in society. Because computer use is seen as a masculine activity by both boys and girls (Sokal 2002, 2010), the use of computers in literacy teaching may neutralize the idea that reading is a feminine task. They also found significant differences by province: students from Saskatchewan were much more likely to have university options than those in British Columbia, Alberta, or Ontario. The athletes consisted of jocks, members of sports teams, and cheerleaders. 2007), teens in the deviant groups tended to have lower self-esteem and life satisfaction compared to other groups, and also tended to have poor parenting. The disadvantages experienced by Aboriginal children in Canadian schools may be at least partially driven by the self-fulfilling prophecy. Elsewhere in Canada, zero tolerance policies are likely to be in place around specific actions. Below are the topics covered by both streams at grades 10, 11, & 12. School sports are another area that can cultivate gender stereotypes. For females, clothes that reveal too much of the body are explicitly banned, while for males, styles of dress associated with hip-hop music (i.e., being able to see boxer shorts above the waistband of a males jeans) are targeted. Similarly, students who attend private schools can be conceptualized as having been streamed into elite classes that tend to reproduce social stratification in society. Creating and enforcing codes of conduct can therefore be viewed as a form of socialization whose objective it is to create the desirable student. As more schools are trying to instill healthy eating habits and becoming more environmentally conscious, many have adopted rules that prohibit the bringing of certain products to school. In this chapter, however, the main focus is on how schools contribute to the socialization of children. Summarize how streaming contributes to socialization in schools. The failure of children to be socially accepted by their peers. Such reading materials functioned as a type of social or cultural capital within their groups of friends. There are, however, a significant number of children, not only in Canada but in the United States and beyond, that do not attend school in the way that has been described here. Explain how relationships with teachers and the social climate of the school impact upon socialization. Currie and Kelly (2006) found that the popular girls in their study tended to be slim, dress in a sexy manner, and wear lots of makeup, according to non-popular girls. Customer Service Environment Group Dynamics Institutions Looking They found that popular girls held the most power and displayed this power in their ability to police the adherence to numerous unspoken rules about other girls dress and behaviour. Box 6.5 Declining Male Performance in ReadingA Moral Panic? If theyre breaking what theyre saying it means nothing to us then.1 A student at the competition shot a video of the dance which quickly became an internet sensation accompanied by much public moral outrage. In Chapter 4, for example, research by Willms (2008) was considered which argued that French immersion programs act as an informal streaming mechanism as French immersion students tend to be from significantly higher socio-economic backgrounds and less likely to have a learning disability. Policy in which specific code infractions result in immediate punishment, usually in the form of suspension or expulsion, and sometimes involving the police. This also has the effect of creating resentment and rule breaking among students, especially when they see the rules as pointless and arbitrary. The findings suggest that at-risk children may be socialized into a cycle of negative interactions with teachers, which may not only contribute to their future delinquency but also reduce their academic performance. What kinds of lessons do they plan around the topic of morality? As well, much flexibility exists in the structure and content of courses as they are shaped by student interest. Streaming, seen this way, may therefore act to reproduce social inequalities by limiting post-secondary opportunities (Sweet et al. Teachers who hold negative stereotypes about low-achieving or minority students may also expect such students to consistently perform poorly. Schools codes of conduct serve to penalize those who do not conform. Table 6.1 highlights some major structural differences between the school and family setting. This is a basic but surprisingly complex and difficult process that benefits from experience, knowledge and effort. That streaming has a positive effect on the academic attainment of high-ability groups has been documented by Ansalone (2001, 2003), although these gains are arguably at the expense of students in the lower-ability tracks (Sweet et al. Such rules were routinely broken and created resentment among students for what they perceived as ridiculous rules that teachers spent far too much time enforcing, and were often seen to enforce in targeted and unegalitarian ways. As discussed later in this chapter, school rules and school codes of conduct are essential features of schools that frame behaviours in a manner such that they produce obedience to authority. If she shows too much of her body, males will become distracted (which is her fault). What role does school climate play in student socialization? Alberta Education. This, in turn, influenced students motivation and performance. Current practices appear to reflect the desire to create obedient future employees or citizens (Raby 2005). Individuals of a similar age and social identity; in school, the peer group is typically a childs classmates in younger years and then becomes more specific to particular adolescent subgroups in the teenage years. Goths, skaters, punks, headbangers, and emos are all names given to groups that have been found within adolescent peer groups in schools, all of which are oriented around particular tastes in music and fashion. Pomerantz (2008) studied the school identities of girls at a high school on Vancouvers east side. Students also learn their gender at school. They also tended to be popular. Recent immigrant youth may also be placed in lower tracks due to their English language skills, rather than their overall academic ability (Sweet et al. As noted by Reinke and Herman (2002), schools tend to have personalities of their own. Canadian studies of the outcomes associated with home schooling are much less plentiful than in the United States, where the home schooling movement has been growing rapidly. The term became associated with school disciplinary procedures in 1994 when the Gun-Free Schools Act was passed in the United States, which required that students who possessed a firearm at school be expelled for no less than one year (Cerrone 1999). Within these two generalizations, however, much differentiation existed regarding the amount of money spent on the clothing. Therefore, social features of the school can serve to reverse delinquent behaviours. One final agent of socialization is religion, discussed further in Warm and supportive teachers and a positive school climate are crucial for the positive social development of children, and the absence of such can have long-term detrimental effects on students, particularly if they have family problems. A commitment to ones school and education; associated with protecting children from the influence of delinquent peers and reducing early aggression in young students. Such embedded practices are lining up, doing homework, taking tests, and being evaluated. How do students learn gender at school? What are some examples of streaming? These play a foundational role in socialization, particularly through schools.Modern video games are often a social environment whereby you may play with others and communicate. Changes in specific school dress codes shift according to trends in popular fashion. 2010). Brint (1998) identifies three major zones of socialization within classrooms (see Figure 6.2). As well, children who cannot engage themselves with the material being taught in the classroom may turn to disruption of peers due to boredom and frustration. The OHRC also found that racial minority students were also disproportionately represented among those who had been disciplined with suspensions and expulsions under the act. Jussim and Harber (2005) found that the expectations that teachers have about their students influenced how they behaved toward them.

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